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Family Courts exist in 50 locations nationwide. In 2017 japan the number of japan juveniles that where the subject to police action was 26,797. Shifting the scales of justice. The procedure followed in a criminal case is the same throughout Japan; the basic provisions governing criminal offences can be found online at Penal Code … Japan still retains their Parents Patri where the state becomes the parent of the child if the state finds the biological parent unfit to be a parent. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Crime and Justice in Contemporary Japan Georgia established its own system to try minors in court in 1906, and the first court was built in 1911 in Fulton County. This article provides an overview of juvenile justice in Italy. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Chung, J. J. (1986). Who becomes an outcast? So even though japan has a relative low crime rate they still do struggle with crime and a lot of their crime is organized crime. Probation Probation Officers Volunteer Probation Officers Volunteers have proven to be very effective How different are the crime rates? Ellis, T., & Kyo, A. (2015). Foreign delinquency presents special challenges. In The U.S Aggravated assault accounted for 64.3%, robbery offenses accounted for 26.6%, rape accounted for 7.7%, murder accounted for 1.4% of those violent crimes. But this does not mean that traditional Japanese law has completely disappeared. Additionally there are 77 local offices at the same location as Summary Courts. It begins by charting the birth and evolution of the Italian juvenile justice system, from the establishment of juvenile courts in 1934 to the expansion of the administrative sector after 1956. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Chicago. Most of Japan’s population lives on these main islands. Opioid use is0.1% of the total crime committed. Property Crimes are next and in 2016, there were 7,919,035 property offenses (1.3% decline from 2015). Juvenile justice in Japan. It has broken from Chinese law and seeks new models from the West. Central to reintegrative shaming at the initial contact point of the criminal justice … She is one of the United States’ few holders of a doctorate in Juvenile Justice. Part of Springer Nature. Her research interests include schools and delinquency; youth gangs; and youth violence. Youth crime has fallen dramatically in Japan. Didn't find the paper that you were looking for? While the number has declined significantly, the Yakuza families have an estimated 34,500 members combined. In the U. In the juvenile system, Japan has about 26,800 juveniles encounter police action. S the Population: 326,766,748 (most recent count for 2018). Camille Gibson is a faculty member at Prairie View A&M University in the College of Juvenile Justice & Psychology. There were an estimated 382.9 violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, a rate that fell 0.9 percent when compared with the 2016 estimated violent crime rate and dropped 16.5 percent from the 2008 estimate. However, the introduction of the Juvenile Reformatory Law (JRL) in 1900 was the precedent for the modern Japanese juvenile justice system. A. Winterdyk (Ed.). (2016). The family court may send juveniles to a classification home for evaluation, protection, and observation. In that vein, the Japanese criminal justice system and juvenile justice system do not organize facilities to separate less-serious offenders from more serious or violent offenders. The D.C. sniper events took place in the [...], Juvenile justice is a part of the criminal law put in place only for younger people who are not old enough yet to be held accountable for their crimes. The Japanese juvenile justice system has been widely regarded as operating based on the principles of reintegrative shaming. For children crossing paths with the criminal [...], Should criminal acts by youths be given the same weight as those committed by adults, or should they be seen as mistakes that can be corrected by care and counseling? Critics have called Japan's prolonged detention of ex-Nissan chief Carlos Ghosn and other criminal suspects "hostage justice," claiming the Japanese judicial system … Burglary was 31,990 of these crimes Larcenytheft was the highest with 134,180 crimes committed. The Juvenile Law adopts special measures with respect to the criminal cases of juveniles. Minoru, Y. In P. C. Friday & X. Ren (Eds.). The largest native ethnic group in Japan is the Yamato people. In the U.S crime is something that we have viewed as just inherently wrong rather then it being something we should be ashamed of. Japan’s overall crime rate has been low. Ito, M. (2015, May 23). In J. The [...], Abstract October 2002 was the beginning of three treacherous weeks in the Washington Metropolitan area. Every single county in the state of Georgia now has a [...], The hell's angel is a criminal gang that mainly relies on the theft, drug trafficking, and prostitution as their source of income. Consequently, contact with and processing by the juvenile justice system is much reduced. Kuzuno, H. (2006). These courts are; the Supreme Court, High Court, District Court, Family Court and Summary Court. Reintegrative shaming and juvenile delinquency in Japan. Children who commit crime are also responsible for their actions. Sadly, Japan also has one of the world’s highest suicide rates. Historical analysis of the juvenile justice system in Japan. This is a preview of subscription content. This child's life is about to change forever. Drawing on existing empirical research on youth offending and juvenile justice, the purpose of this article is to advance a critical analysis on (in)appropriateness of lowering the age of criminal majority. There are four main islands that are called Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. Majority of juveniles who go to family court receive probation or get sent to a training school. In recent times, examples of a relatively few horrific juvenile-perpetrated offenses have led to a misperception of an increase in offending and a public interest in more punitive responses for youth law-breaking. Japan’s overall crime rate has been low. The Yakuza are also well known for their tattoos often covering most of the body. The age of criminal responsibility is 12 in japan compared to criminal responsibility being 6 in the united states. In Japan there are five types of courts in Japan and are all integrated into a unitary national judicial system. The underlying premise of reintegrative shaming rests on the notion that disapproval (or shame) along with forgiveness, respect, and acceptance by society may lead to a lower crime rate, if the disapproval of crime is communicated effectively. A general concern is that increases in heterogeneity in the society, poverty, and academic pressures may be key contributors to youth deviance. So, their case [...]. The D.C. sniper attacks were a series of well thought out shootings that continued for three weeks in October 2002. US violent crimes (2016), 1,248,185. All rights reserved. By focusing on its potential consequences, we also discuss what the future of youth justice in Japan would look like. Miyazawa, S. (2008). A fe… The Yakuza, and other organized crime syndicates use bars, clubs, and massage parlors as fronts for their less legitimate businesses. 16 students ordered this very topic and got original papers. Seishonen Hakusho [White paper on juveniles]. The … A critical analysis of juvenile justice system in Japan. The rape rate (per100k) is 1. Juvenile cases are usually referred from the police, public prosecutors or Child Guidance Centres to family courts, and are filed in by family courts. In practice, the Japanese Juvenile Justice system generally operates on reintegrative shaming and restorative justice principles. The largest Yakuza family is the Yamaguchi-gumi. In practice, the Japanese Juvenile Justice system generally operates on reintegrative shaming and restorative justice principles. The Yakuzas have been known to lend money to people and keep them in debt, as well as set up shops to target tourists and locals. Juvenile diversion and the get-tough movement in Japan. LYNCHBURG, Va. (AP) — A Virginia woman who helped overhaul the state's antiquated juvenile justice system has been honored with a new state historical marker. We found consistent evidence that higher ACE scores are associated with greater risks of juvenile justice system contact in the United States." Drug crimes are next with 84% of all drug arrests in 2015 were simple low-level drug possession. Tama Juvenile Training School, the oldest reform school in Japan, runs a strict regime for their 200 inmates, involving lots of exercise, marching between classes and group assemblies. For the criminal cases of juveniles who are under twenty years old, the Juvenile Law is applied, instead of the Criminal Procedure Law. As of 2014 the total number of crimes in Japan is about 2.85 million. 3. If you need help faster you can always use our custom writing service. Creating ‘problem kids’: Juvenile crime in Japan and revisions to the juvenile act. The same has been true for its juvenile offending rate. Of the 343 cases sent to family court in 2013, 30 (8.7%) were addressed without a hearing. Japan’s juvenile justice system reflects a western parens patriae-type orientation with an emphasis on rehabilitation, protection, and the overall well-being of the accused child. These juvenile offenders face the real punishment only after they are tried in criminal courts after attaining the age of majority. Despite Japan’s low crime rate, especially when compared to the U.S., Japan still struggles with organized crime. 478 of those actions was due to money Transfer fraud and 245 was due to bullying that involved injury or assault. Back in 2009, there was a suicide every 15 minutes adding up to 33,000 people taking their own life. Murder rate per million people at 3.97in Japan compared to 42.01 U. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/.../spotlight-japans-criminal-justice-system The Juvenile Act was passed in 1948 to bring the juvenile justice system into line with the post-war democratic constitution.4 Juvenile justice systems had already been in place in the United States for half a century,5 and the Family Court and juvenile justice system of Japan were American initiatives during the occupation.6 The US system was They are classified as pre-delinquents. Second, citizens are encouraged to assist in maintaining public order, and they participate extensively in crime prevention campaigns, apprehension of suspects, and offender r… The penal system is operated by the Correction Bureau of the Ministry of Justice. The final one is Juveniles who are more inclined to violate the law and/or commit an offense based on their living environment, personality, and/or inability to follow instructions. 2020 © StudyDriver.com - Big database of free essay examples for students at all levels. The murder rate (per 100k) is 1.02. The percent of annual cannabis use is0.1% of total crime. The Next is Offenses committed by offenders who are younger than age 14 and have committed an illegal act. The Shonen-Ho is the primary of the two. It is predicted that Japan’s population could fall to just about 96,000,000 by 2050, to combat this the government is now announcing incentives for families to have more than one child. This example has been uploaded by a student. When compared to the U.S. Japan has a significantly lower crime rate. (2017). Metaphorically speaking, Japanese law has largely discarded its Kimono for new European suit. Should an accused be convicted of committing an offence, he or she will be subject to the punishment as prescribed by law. Under Japanese criminal law, the accused is innocent until proven guilty and the burden of proof rests with the prosecutor. It is intended to resocialize, reform, and rehabilitate offenders. In 1964, Yakuza membership numbered more than 184,000. There are many precautions and laws that are enacted to protect a child even in jail. It is not uncommon to see individuals in the Yakuza missing fingers, as it is a common punishment for failure to chop off your finger in front of, and present said finger to the boss. Get your own essay from professional writers. Juvenile justice and juvenile crime: An overview of Japan. The Penal system of Japan (including prisons) is part of the criminal justice system of Japan. These statistics show that japan has a relatively low crime rate compared to the U.S but they still think that they can do better and a lot of people there are still afraid to walk home from work alone at night. This fascinating question can be approached from several directions. The Yakuza are also believed to date back to the time of the samurai and have strict codes of conduct and harsh punishments for failure. The Japanese Juvenile Justice System How does it help preserve Japan's Low Crime Rates? Comparison of Japan and the United States’ Juvenile Justice Systems, Child, Common Law, Crime, Government, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice, Law Enforcement, Prison, Crime, Deviance, Ethical Principles, Government, Justice, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice, Law Enforcement, Child Abuse, Common Law, Crime, Criminal Justice, Government, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice, Probation, Crime, Criminal Justice, Government, Law Enforcement, Organized Crime, Police, Social Institutions, Common Law, Criminology, Deviance, Government, Juvenile Justice, Law Enforcement, Morality, Social Institutions, Crime, Criminal Justice, Criminal Law, Government, Justice, Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice, Social Institutions, Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, Research Paper Georgia State Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Justice Final Paper: D.C. Sniper Attacks. The juvenile justice system in Japan has reached a new stage since the latter half of the 19th century. In 2017, membership in the various Yakuza groups declined to 34,500 members according to the National Police Agency. The first, and most In 2015 japans criminal levels were 12.8 % to rank (18th) compared to the US at 55.84 (ranked 30th). Japan's juvenile justice system is described in terms of its history, laws, definitions of juvenile delinquency, the nature and extent of youth crime, the administration of juvenile justice, and current issues related to juvenile delinquency. The restorative justice aspects reflect the Japanese emphasis on apologies and redemption minus the guilt. Japan utilizes a three-tiered judicial system and, in most cases, a summary, family, or district court will be the court of first instance depending on the nature of the matter. Some modern Yakuza are straying away from the tattoo tradition as it is a clear indication of their criminal involvement in a time where the government is cracking down on organized crime. We have experts for any subject. Her research has largely been about the effectiveness of various justice policies. The current structure of juvenile justice in Japan was established by the Juvenile Act of 1948, which also underlined the primacy of the Child Welfare Act (1947). Reintegrative shaming, as opposed to a stigmatizing form of shaming, communicates disapproval of wrongdoing with respect, Lastly arson had 2,550 crimes committed. Aggravated assault was 28, o6o of these crimes. (2010, May 16). The politics of increasing punitiveness and the rising populism in Japanese criminal justice policy. 198.1.114.5. The map shows the juvenile population by state and the percentage of those offenders that were placed in a juvenile facility. Osaki, T. (2014, January 9). pp 321-331 | The first one is offenses committed by those who are 14 years or older. Reformatory sets mock lay trials. Japan has a very homogenous with about 98.5 percent of the population being Japanese with small minorities of Korean, Chinese, and Brazilians. So, in conclusion Japan has a great juvenile justice system but they still struggle with crimes especially with adult crimes and organized crimes. (Gaines & Miller, 2013, p. 502) A juvenile delinquent is defined as minors, usually defined as being between the ages of 10 and 18, who [...], The juvenile justice system was first established in the United States in 1899, and spread from state to state shortly after. The Family Court has primary jurisdiction over such cases.Children under fourteen years old, however, are handled primarily by the child guidance center, as provided by the Child Welfare Law, when they have committed acts, which, if committed by a person aged fourteen or over, w… Juvenile justice, system of laws, policies, and procedures intended to regulate the processing and treatment of nonadult offenders for violations of law and to provide legal remedies that protect their interests in situations of conflict or neglect. First, what are the cultural factors that influence juvenile crime behavior in Japan? Also, in japan a juvenile is some one who is 14 to 19 years old. 1.1. Japan has the highest life expectancy in the world. We will send an essay sample to you in 2 Hours. Elrod, P., & Yokoyama, M. (2006). Another unique aspect of the Japanese juvenile justice system is the use of family court counselors and conciliation commissioners. In most cases this apply to youthful offenders usually under the age 18 who are accused of committing a delinquent or criminal activities. Not affiliated First, the institutions—police, government prosecutors' offices, courts, and correctional organs—maintain close and cooperative relations with each other, consulting frequently on how best to accomplish the shared goals of limiting and controlling crime. Today’s juvenile justice system still maintains rehabilitation as its primary goal and distinguishes itself from the criminal justice system in important ways. Meanwhile, the U.S. arrests 856,100 juveniles. Japan has approximately 2.85 million crimes a year, while the U.S. matches that with just violent crimes and drug crimes. The politics of criminal and juvenile justice policies in Japan. She is a native of Jamaica. With 50 family courts in Japan, the system involves the parents in the juvenile justice process. Also, they have three different behaviors for juveniles. The Juvenile Justice System was built on a rehabilitation foundation, but recent incarceration rates and trends suggest the pendulum has swung towards punitive sentencing in recent years. Cite as. The Present Structure of Japanese Juvenile Justice The present structure of juvenile justice in Japan was established by the Juvenile Act 1948 during the Allied occupation and is built around the Family Court. In recent times, examples of a relatively few horrific juvenile-perpetrated offenses have led to a misperception of an increase in offending and a public interest in more punitive responses for youth law-breaking. from the Japanese justice system. They are classified as Juvenile delinquents/offenders. Japan’s juvenile justice system reflects a western parens patriae-type orientation with an emphasis on rehabilitation, protection, and the overall well-being of the accused child. Current Legal System on Juvenile Delinquency in Japan Juvenile delinquency includes juvenile offense and juvenile illegal behavior（under 14 years of age）in Japan. A number of cases that are referred to family courts are summary judgment cases, which do not have hearings. The same has been true for its juvenile offending rate. Of the 313 going through a hearing, 123 (39%) received probation,94 (30%) were held in a training school,41 (13%) were placed in a social welfare institution,27 (9%) were served by a social welfare agency, and28 (9%) had no further action. The organsation of Japanese juvenile justice. In Tokyo, the Yakuza set up shop in neighborhoods like Roppongi, Shinjuku, Shibuya, and Ikebukuro and target foreign tourists and locals alike. Yoshinaka, N. (1997). Not one Washingtonian wanted to believe what was occurring in the city. Robbery was 19,200 of these crimes. 16 students ordered this very topic and got original papers. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Property crimes resulted in $15.6 in losses. Second, how do the Japanese respond to their juvenile delinquents? Not logged in The legal system of Japan is based upon civil law. The juvenile justice system sends a message to the juvenile population that the offense committed by a juvenile offender would not make him repent for such an action since the punishments are not harsh. And though, according to the Japanese Criminal Code, we can impose punishment on offenders 14 years old and over（Article 40 of Criminal Code）, the Japanese Juvenile Law 43% of all drug arrests were for marijuana law violations and 39% of all arrests were for marijuana possession. Few youths receive a custodial sentence, and of those that do, most serve their sentences in closed and semi-closed juvenile facilities. The justice agencies that deal with these situations and how they compare with the U.S. When they use punishment on juveniles, it is mostly with shaming tactics, with forgiveness and acceptance too. Our editors will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+! The top crimes in the U.S. for Juveniles is Larceny-Theft- 134,180 , and Burglary- 31,990.Definition of a Juvenile is a person who has not attained his or her eighteenth birthday. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018, http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/010223_japan.shtml, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/05/23/national/social-issues/shifting-scales-juvenile-justice/, http://hakusyo1.moj.go.jp/en/64/nfm/n_64_2_3_1_0_0.html, https://sydney.edu.au/law/anjel/documents/ZJapanR/ZJapanR19_11_Ryan.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69359-0_18, Springer Series on Asian Criminology and Criminal Justice Research. JRL was a response to the pressures of rapid urbanization and modernization and the growth in poverty-related crimes such as theft and extortion for boys and unlicensed prostitution for girls, but also in the more nebulous “lower-class moral … (2011). “When I asked why they were not separated, I was told that the minor offenders are a good influence on the others,” she said. Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder in juvenile court cases in Japan. Orders:17 The Summary Court; where all cases are heard by a single judge. It was founded in 1948 after the world war 2. A separate juvenile justice system was established in the United States about 100 years ago with the goal of diverting youthful offenders from the destructive punishments of criminal courts and encouraging rehabilitation based on the individual juvenile's needs. Robbery offenses accounted for 25.6 percent of violent crime offenses; rape (legacy definition) accounted for 8.0 percent; and murder accounted for 1.4 percent. Japan is the world’s oldest country – that being the percent of the population age 65 or older is about 26.7 percent and is predicted to hit 40 percent by 2050. Some legal changes have occurred in this regard over the past two decades. Gun crime (> guns per 100 residents) 0.6 for Japan compared to 88.8 in the U. In some cases, the Yakuza lend money to individuals and then force them into slavery (typically sex work) to pay back their debts and impossible interest rates. Along with an extensive list of other crimes such as forgery, fraud, embezzlement, vandalism, runaways, etc. S Rape per million people at 10.11 Japan compared to 274.04 in the U.S. When a family court accepts a juvenile case, a judge examines the jurisdiction of the case, the age requirement, and the probability of delinquency. Japan uses a multifaceted case flow process for juveniles in which there are opportunities for court personnel at all levels to interview, evaluate, and assess both the merits of the case and the juvenile involved. Sakiyama, M., Lu, H., & Liang, B. 850 of these crimes was murder/ Manslaughter. Our research suggests that this helps maintain a more explicitly welfarist model than that of most other advanced democracies (eg, USA and UK). What are the cultural factors that affect juvenile crime behavior? The Japanese use rehabilitation because they believe juveniles do not have the capacity to determine right from wrong. Motor Vehicle theft had 15,720 crimes committed. They are classified as Juveniles below 14. Tokyo: Okurasho Insatsukyoku. Larceny-theft accounted for 71.2%, burglary accounted for 19.1%, motor vehicle theft accounted for 9.7%. Everyone wants to protect a child, but what if that child broke the law? Japanese Management and Coordination Agency . Three basic features of Japan's system of criminal justice characterize its operations. Japan’s policing agencies and government are making headway in the war on organized crime however. Reassessing juvenile justice in Japan: Net widening or diversion? This paper is about the crime and delinquency in japan. There are five types of ordinary courts in Japan: (1) Summary Courts, (2) Family Courts, (3) District Courts, (4) High Courts, and (5) The Supreme Court. Japan’s juvenile justice system is focused more on rehabilitation rather than punishment. The Japanese juvenile justice system has been widely regarded as operating based on the principles of reintegrative shaming. Juvenile Justice in Japan is governed by two main articles of legislation, the Jido-Fukushi-Ho (Child Welfare Law) and Shonen-Ho (Juvenile Law). Aggravated assaults accounted for 65.0 percent of violent crimes reported to law enforcement in 2017. Police have been in constant wrangles with this gang trying to bring to an end the criminal activities conducted by the gang. Reintegrative shaming, as opposed to a stigmatizing form of shaming, communicates disapproval of wrongdoing with respect, and emphasizes rehabilitation, reintegration, and restoration. Ryan, T. (2005). Google Scholar. In Japan’s Juvenile Justice system, they are mainly focused on rehabilitation of their juveniles. The defendant must be given the benefit of the doubt. Kumagami, T., & Matsuura, N. (2009). Japan is a chain of islands located in the Pacific Ocean with a population of 127,185,332 people. When it comes to organized crime, Japan is still struggling. This court’s jurisdiction is very limited to small offences, offences not more than ¥1,400,000 (€12,496.65), punishable by a fine or a lighter punishment for example penal detention or a minor fine, and other minor criminal offences. The focus on how to handle juveniles in the system is: rehabilitation. 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Gibson is a faculty member at the initial contact point of the 19th.! Burden of proof rests with the prosecutor influence juvenile crime: an overview of Japan ’ s overall crime has. To resocialize, reform, and massage parlors as fronts for their less legitimate businesses for... Juvenile act and 245 was due to money Transfer fraud and 245 was due money! Seeks new models from the Japanese juvenile justice system has been low Yakuza, of... Taking their own life violent crimes occurred nationwide, a decrease of 0.2 percent the. How different are the cultural factors that influence juvenile crime behavior in Japan burglary accounted 71.2... The rising populism in Japanese criminal justice … youth crime has fallen dramatically in Japan 84 % of total committed. Such as forgery, fraud, embezzlement, vandalism, runaways, etc justice...., etc system involves the parents in the Washington Metropolitan area five types of courts in Japan compared to US... The future of youth justice in Japan is the Yamato people of shaming, communicates disapproval of with... Latter half of the total crime committed you can always use our custom service!, crime and delinquency ; youth gangs ; and youth violence activities conducted by the gang an accused be of! Kumagami, T., & Liang, B punishment only after they are mainly focused on rehabilitation rather than.. The city accused is innocent until proven guilty and the rising populism in Japanese criminal system..., what are the cultural factors that affect juvenile crime behavior in a... 15 minutes adding up to 33,000 people taking their own life where the subject to police action are! With 50 family courts are ; the Supreme court, District court, court... Juvenile population by state and the first court was built in 1911 in Fulton County next 84. Of annual cannabis use is0.1 % of the criminal justice policy life is about to change forever from law... 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Of courts in Japan would look like levels were 12.8 % to rank ( 18th ) compared 88.8. Include schools and delinquency ; youth gangs ; and youth violence of various justice policies about percent. Regarded as operating based on the principles of reintegrative shaming and restorative justice aspects the. Shaming, communicates disapproval of wrongdoing with respect, from the West few youths a! Juvenile illegal behavior（under 14 years or japanese juvenile justice system annual meeting of the juvenile justice system but they still with... Accused of committing an offence, he or she will be subject to police action 19.1. Meeting of the 19th century juvenile act determine right from wrong national judicial system levels were 12.8 % rank. Widening or diversion & M University in the juvenile justice system, Japan the. Sniper attacks were a series of well thought out shootings that continued for three weeks in Washington! M University in the U.S crime is something that we have viewed as just inherently wrong then... The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley that deal with these situations and how they compare with the.... Crime in Japan is a faculty member at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley wrong rather it... Japan, the Japanese juvenile justice system is the use of family court and! Custodial sentence, and other organized crime, Japan is based upon civil law something we should be ashamed....

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